· Poverty is multi-dimensional
- Most common indicator of income poverty is headcount ratio (measures the proportion of population considered to be earning an income below the standard required for basic needs) has beeen standardised to be US$1 per day
- Income measure fails to adequately reflect development in that per-capita income, in terms of its levels or changes to it, does not sufficiently correlate with measures of (human) development, such as life expectancy, child/infant mortality and literacy
- Countries where the level of poverty is relatively large tend also to exhibit low values of human development, thus lowering the mean values of the development measures. Where inequalities of development indicators are very large, however, the average values may not sufficiently reflect the conditions of the poor, requiring the need to concentrate on poverty per se
- Both HDI and MPI are needed, however, to gauge the nature of the development challenge. For example, a relatively low HDI value despite a high per-capita income suggests that growth is not being efficiently transformed into human development. Similarly, if both HDI and HPI are high, then the achievement in human development is not being sufficiently shared by those at the bottom, suggesting the need to address the human-development distribution picture. Ideally, HDI should be high and HPI low.
· Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) replaced Human Poverty Index (HPI) and has been in use since 2010
- UNDP researchers concluded that the HPI had limited utility because it aggregated average deprivation levels for each dimension and thus could not be linked to any specific group of people.
- MPI is a more detailed composite measure of poverty, presents a much detailed landscape of the extent as well as the range of deprivations
· Both Indonesia and Thailand were under the category of Medium Human Development for MPI statistics published in the Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
· Conclusion: Thailand > Malaysia
- Since Thailand fares better than Indonesia in terms of both HDI and MPI, we can safely conclude that Thailand has a higher standard of living than Indonesia
oops you had a typo in the conclusion. Thailand>Indonesia not Malaysia haha
ReplyDeleteother than that, I agree with your conclusion